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Mastering Light: Reflection, Refraction & Snell's Law
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Lens Formula & Magnification
Optics Summary: Refraction Rules, Sign Convention & Power
Step 2 of 4
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⏱️ 8 min
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⚡ 20 XP
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Common Exam Traps
> **Exam Trap:** Notice the minus sign in the lens formula: $\frac{1}{v} - \frac{1}{u} = \frac{1}{f}$, whereas the mirror formula uses addition: $\frac{1}{v} + \frac{1}{u} = \frac{1}{f}$. Magnification signs are also opposite ($m = +\frac{v}{u}$ for lenses, $m = -\frac{v}{u}$ for mirrors).
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